The disaster is the flow of refugees from Libya to Europe will never end. When international human smuggling head of state plays a key role in al-Gaddafi
It should be a ride in a golden future. Closely packed about 350 people sat hopefully in a fishing boat in which they planned to do the 1770 km to Europe on the other side of the Mediterranean. But the wooden boat, actually only approved for 75 passengers, had a leak and sank very quickly in stormy weather. Only 21 people were rescued. The occupants of the other three boats that sailed well over the weekend from the Libyan coast to sea, had more luck. One was applied by a mechanical breakdown of the Libyan coast guard, the other two managed to Italy and Malta. 77 bodies were fished out of the water or on the beach gespült. Sie kamen aus Somalia, Nigeria, Eritrea, Algerien, Marokko, Palästina und Tunesien. Unter den Passagieren des aufgebrachten Bootes befanden sich auch Ägypter und Bangladescher.
Libyen ist die derzeit wichtigste Transitroute nach Europa. Das UN-Flüchtlingswerk schätzt, dass 2008 mehr als 67 000 Menschen die gefährliche Reise in einem dieser Fischerboote unternommen haben. 37 000 davon erreichten Italien (2007 waren es 19 000), die anderen Griechenland oder Malta. Mehr als 1700 kamen beim Versuch, ihren Traum zu erfüllen, ums Leben. "Wenn man ein gutes Leben will, muss man eben etwas riskieren", sagt Jeffrey aus Nigeria, der vor vier Jahren sein Heimatland Richtung Europa verließ. "There, you can always find work, can afford a car and buy a home. It is a simply good." From an economic crisis, the young man from Africa to hear it. He has left a regular job as an electrician, his little house and his family and exchanged the uncertainty of illegal immigration. After years of odyssey through Mali, Algeria and Morocco, he is swimming with a life jacket for 500 € to Ceuta, the English enclave on the northern tip of Africa. For ten months he sits there in the detention center, waiting for a decision by the authorities whether he should stay or be deported.
your livelihood was also a number of Indian farmers from the region Punjab risk. To finance the trip from India to Africa to Ceuta, they have sold their land or mortgaged their house to the bank. "Converted to 7000 € I got," says an Indian total of 54 migrants who are camping for a year on the mountain of Ceuta in the forest. Family owned and savings ended up in the hands of smuggling, which they hid in a car or boat across the border brought. "15 000 €, each paid for by us," says Gurpreet, spokesman for the group, who studied economics at the University. All now face deportation back to their home country.
"In general, it is not the poorest of the poor," said Rickard Sandell, der als Spezialist für Demografie am Real Instituto Elcano in Madrid forscht. "Sie haben Schulen, Universitäten besucht, verfügen über eine berufliche Ausbildung, und es gibt Ersparnisse, die den schweren Schritt der Immigration erst ermöglichen." Die Ärmsten könnten ja nie jemanden bezahlen, der sie nach Europa brächte. "Wahrscheinlich verfügen sie nicht einmal über die Information, wohin man immigrieren könnte. Spanien oder andere Länder Europas haben sie noch nie im Fernsehen gesehen, da dieses Gerät ein unerreichbarer Luxus ist."
Jeffrey aus Nigeria, die Bauern aus Punjab und etwa 2000 weitere Migranten aus aller Welt sitzen entweder in Ceuta oder in Marokko fest. Die Transitroute from the Maghreb to the Tanger at only 14 km wide Strait of Gibraltar no longer works. Ten years ago you could still translate off the Moroccan coast with "Patera" small speed boats to Spain. Today it is nearly impossible. 2002 Spain Algeciras installed in the SIVE, a 300 million dollar high-tech system to monitor the straits. Moroccan authorities also received grants from the EU to monitor the coastal area-wide.
Since then evolved Libya as a transit country and a springboard to Europe. The 1770 km long crossing is considered far less dangerous than on the coast of Senegal or Mauritania to the Canary Islands. Moreover, the Socialist People's Libyan Republic, a country of immigration, lying low in the other nationalities. Some 1.2 million foreigners are living in the state of Muammar al-Gaddafi, of which the least of legal status. 500000-600000 come only from neighboring Egypt. The other half comes mainly from countries in sub-Saharan Africa. For many years the immigrants without papers were tolerated by the Libyan authorities. Meanwhile, however, the situation for African migrants has changed. President al-Gaddafi had now also in terms of illegal immigration to cooperate with the EU, which he had previously always denied. From now on, deported the Libyan Ministry of Interior. 2006 allein 64 330 Immigranten, was den Staat vier Millionen Euro gekostet haben soll. Bis heute existiert sogar der Plan einer Massendeportation aller Ausländer ohne gültige Aufenthaltsgenehmigung. Aufgrund internationaler Proteste, darunter auch das UN-Flüchtlingswerk, wurde er bisher nicht ausgeführt.
In der libyschen Hafenstadt Swara, nahe der tunesischen Grenze, von wo aus die Boote nach Italien starten, werden regelmäßig Razzien durchgeführt. Dabei geht die Polizei wenig zimperlich vor. Die Regierung von Ghana beschwerte sich offiziell über die schlechte Behandlung ihrer etwa 10 000 Staatsangehörigen in Libyen. Sie würden unter unmenschlichen Bedingungen repatriiert. Man würde ihnen ihre Pässe abnehmen and without trial to prison block. The migrants seeking to reach Europe seems to be the matter. The arbitrariness of the Libyan police, they do not discourage. They will continue to fulfill her dream of the golden Europe - even if it costs them their lives.
published in the world 2:04:09
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